Enye yeemveliso ezisetyenziselwa ukubulala iincukuthu kunye nezitshabalalisi ezinokwenzakalisa izityalo zethu ibizwa ngokuba sisibulali zinambuzane i-acephate. Kweli nqaku, siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni i-acephalate kunye nendlela eyaphuhliswa ngayo. Siza kuxoxa ngobungozi bayo kunye neenzuzo- Siyazi kananjalo ukuba ibanceda njani abalimi ukuba bacuthe ixesha elide apho imveliso yezolimo kwaye banokuyisebenzisa njani ngokukhuselekileyo ngendlela eneenkcukacha.
I-Acephate Yafunyanwa okokuqala ngeminyaka yoo-1970s yi-Stauffer Chemical Company I-Acephate yayidalelwe ukuba ikhusele izityalo kwizitshabalalisi ezinobungozi ezinokutya (kunye nokuzitshabalalisa) kuquka umqhaphu namandongomane. I-Acephate yamkelwa ukusetyenziswa kwezolimo kunye ne-horticultural e-United States ngo-1984, xa yamkelwa yi-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo (EPA). Olo yayiluphawu lokuba wayenokusetyenziswa kwiifama okanye kwezinye iindawo. Ukusukela ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-acephate kulawulo lwezinambuzane kumasimi kunye nezitiya ngamafama kunye nabanye abasebenza malunga nezolimo kwanda.
Njengazo naziphi na iikhemikhali, i-acephate insecticide ayikho ngaphandle kokhuseleko kunye nemingcipheko yokusingqongileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa njengekhuselekile ukusetyenziswa njengoko kufanele ukuba ngokweleyibhile. Nangona inokuba yi-counter esebenzayo kwiibhaktheriya xa isetyenziswe kwiimali ezifanelekileyo, ukuba isetyenziswe ngokungafanelekanga okanye idliwe kwiidosi eziphezulu ngabantu kunye nezilwanyana, i-sodium benzoate ibangela iingxaki zempilo. Ngoko ke kufuneka inikwe ukubaluleka okulinganayo.
Ukuba namandla okubulala izitshabalalisi mhlawumbi yenye yenzuzo ethe ngqo ekusebenziseni isibulali-zinambuzane i-acephaly. Izivuno ezingcono zibakho kuphela xa izitshabalalisi zigcinwa zikhuselekile kwaye nezityalo ezikhulisiwe zinokuchuma. Oku kunceda ukukhusela izityalo, ukuze kungabikho mntu unokuzidla okanye uzonakalisa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukusasazeka kwezifo ezichaphazela izityalo nezilwanyana kunokulawulwa ngokulawula izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo. Ngokudibene nokukwazi ukugxotha izitshabalalisi eziyingozi kwizityalo zemveli, oko kwenza ukuba inkqubo yendalo yalapha ichume.
I-acephate insecticide ihlasela inkqubo ye-nervous yezi zinambuzane. Xa zichanabeke kumchiza, ingena kwinkqubo yazo ize iphazamise indlela esebenza ngayo imithambo-luvo ekuloo nxalenye yesi sinambuzane. Oku kubonisa ukuba izinambuzane azikwazi ukusasaza imiyalezo ngokuphumelelayo phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo. Ke ngoko, banokudideka kwaye bangakwazi ukuhamba nto leyo ekugqibeleni inokukhokelela ekufeni ngenxa yempembelelo ye-acephate. Yiloo ndlela i-acephate ekwazi ngayo ukutshabalalisa izinambuzane eziyingozi.
Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isibulali-zinambuzane se-acephale sisetyenziswe kwinxalenye yenkqubo yokulawula izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo. Enye yezi ibizwa ngokuba yi-integrated pest management (IPM). Yintoni i-IPM?- Ngokusisiseko, i-IPM isinceda silawule ingxaki ethile kunye nesicombululo esingaphantsi kwayo esixhomekeke kwimichiza. Endaweni yoko, yenza indibaniselwano yeendlela ezibandakanya ulawulo lwebhayoloji kunye nokukhuthaza ulungelelwaniso olufumaneka kwindalo.
I-Acephate insecticide ibhaliselwe ukusetyenziswa e-United States yi-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo (EPA). I-EPA imisele imida yokusetyenziswa kwe-acephate njengoko isetyenziswa kwiindawo zokufama nezingezizo zokulima. Ukugcina abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo bekhuselekile, abalawuli babeka izithintelo kubungakanani bamafama e-acephate anokusebenzisa. I-EPA ineemfuno ezithile zokuleyibhile, ukupakishwa kunye nokubhaliswa kweemveliso eziqulethe i-acephalate. Ngale ndlela, umsebenzisi unokufunda indlela yokuyisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo.
I-Shanghai Xinyi Chemical Co., Ltd. yasekwa ngoNovemba 28 2013. I-CIE igxile kwiikhemikhali ezithunyelwa ngaphandle malunga ne-30 iminyaka. I-CIE iya kuqhubeka isebenza ukubonelela ngeemveliso zeprimiyamu kumazwe amaninzi. Isityalo sethu sivelisa i-acetochlor kunye ne-glyphosate ngesantya esiphakathi kwe-5,000 kunye ne-100,000 yeetoni ngonyaka. Sikwasebenza kunye neenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe kwimveliso ye-paraquat imidacloprid, kunye nezinye izinto. Ke ngoko, umgangatho wethu ukumgangatho wehlabathi. Okwangoku, iifom zedosi esinokuzivelisa ziquka i-acephate insecticide, i-SC, i-OSC, i-OD, i-EC, i-EW, i-ULV, i-WDG, i-WSG, i-SG, i-G, njl. Ukongezelela, isebe lethu le-RD lizinikele ekudaleni iifomyula ezintsha ezinokuthi zisebenze. velisa imichiza exutyiweyo ehlangabezana neemfuno zemarike. Sisoloko siyikhumbula njengoxanduva lwethu. Sikwanika ingxelo ye-GLP kwiimveliso ezithile.
I-CIE yinkokeli yehlabathi kwi-agrochemicals kunye neenkonzo zobugcisa. I-CIE izimisele ukuphanda nokuphuhlisa isitshabalalisi se-acephate kunye neekhemikhali ezinceda bonke abantu abasehlabathini. Emva kweminyaka embalwa yokukhula Saqala ukujonga kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-acephalate insecticide, iBrazil, iSuriname, iParaguay, iPeru, iAfrika, iSouth Asia, njl. Kwakhona siya kuzibophelela ekuziseni iimveliso zethu ezikumgangatho ophezulu kumazwe amatsha.
1. Ukuphuculwa kwemveliso: Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi anokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukwanda kwezifo, izinambuzane ezonakalisa izityalo kunye nokhula, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa inani lezitshabalalisi, ukomeleza isivuno nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya.2. Izibulali zinambuzane ziphantsi kweendleko zabasebenzi Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi anokusetyenziswa ukukhuthaza impumelelo yokulima anokunceda amafama onge ixesha kunye nesibulali-zinambuzane i-acephate.3. Ukubonelela ngeenzuzo zoqoqosho: Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi anokunceda ekuthinteleni uGawulayo kwaye aqinisekise ukuba isivuno siyimpumelelo kwaye sikwasetyenziswa kwimveliso yezolimo kwazisa inzuzo eqaqambileyo kwezoqoqosho.4. Ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nomgangatho unokuqinisekiswa ngezibulali-zinambuzane. Zinokuthintela ukuqhambuka ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho wokutya, kwaye zincede ukukhusela impilo yabo basingqongileyo.
Amayeza ethu okubulala izitshabalalisi athobela imigangatho nemimiselo yesizwe. Ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko lomgangatho wemveliso.1. Ukubonisana kwangaphambili kokuthengisa: Siza kubonelela abathengi ngeengcali zokubonisana kwangaphambili ukuze baphendule imibuzo yabo malunga ne-acephate insecticide, ukusetyenziswa, ukugcinwa kunye neminye imiba yeyeza kunye nempahla. Abathengi banokuqhagamshelana nathi nge-imeyile, ngefowuni okanye kwi-intanethi ngaphambi kokuthenga.2. Uqeqesho emva kokuthengisa: Siza kuqhuba rhoqo uqeqesho malunga nezitshabalalisi eziya kugubungela ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezitshabalalisi kunye nezilumkiso, amanyathelo okukhusela anje., Ukuphucula abathengi kwizakhono zabo zokusetyenziswa kwezitshabalalisi kunye nokwazisa ngokhuseleko.1/33. Utyelelo lokubuyela emva kweentengiso Siza kundwendwela abathengi bethu rhoqo emva kokuthengisa ukuze bafunde ngezinto abazikhethayo kunye nokwaneliseka kwabo, siqokelele izimvo zabo kunye neengcebiso, kwaye sihlala siphucula iminikelo yethu.